Mark Fox hand-inked this logo for a restaurant in San Francisco. The mark uses Raleigh Gothic (including the alternate ‘M’) set on a typositor by the San Francisco office of Andresen Typographics.

The San Francisco restaurant Embarko opened in 1989 when I was twenty-eight. Slated to be called Trudy’s after the owners’ dog, I was so uninspired by the name that I proposed multiple alternatives, Embarko among them. The new name referenced both the restaurant’s bayside location on the Embarcadero as well as the owners’ canine empathies.

The Embarko trademark takes the form of a rebus which requires the reader to decode conventional symbols of language—letters of the alphabet—in the company of a pictorial element representing sound. Inherently playful, the rebus is common to children’s puzzles but is less frequently found in trademarks. (One notable exception: Milton Glaser’s 1977 I♥NY.) An important development in the history of writing, the rebus is believed to have been invented by the Sumerians around 3000 BCE and subsequently adopted by the Egyptians.

My intention was to render the dog (which represents the onomatopoetic sound “bark”) as a glyph to visually approximate typography. I began by setting the letters E, M, and O in Raleigh Gothic Condensed, a geometric sans serif designed by M.F. Benton for the American Type Foundry (ATF) in 1932. By matching the stroke weights of the dog to those of the letterforms, the dog visually groups with and “reads” like the text. Happily, the dog’s “bark” also corresponds with the natural stress of the restaurant’s pronunciation: Em-bark-o. — Mark Fox

Mark Fox hand-inked this logo for a San Francisco restaurant with lettering based on Elegant-Grotesk, a typeface that was not available as a digital font at the time.

APA began in 1981 as Advertising Photographers of America. In 1992 Mark Fox hand-inked this logo based on the typeface Bronzo (later renamed UltraBronzo) by Rick Valicenti, released earlier that year by Thirstype. In June 2010, the name was changed to American Photographic Artists.